THE MYTHOLOGY OF FOSSIL ECHINOIDS

 

 Insitu eocene echinoid sea urchin Schizaster leymeriei (Cotteau, 1851) from Barcelona (Catalonia) (Photo by Jordi Sànchez).

Fossil echinoids, commonly known as sea urchins, have a rich history intertwined with human culture and mythology. Here are some fascinating insights into their significance:

Fossil echinoids have been collected by humans for thousands of years, with evidence dating back to the Palaeolithic era. They have been found in various archaeological contexts, including burials and cremations, indicating their importance in ancient rituals and practices.

These fossils are steeped in folklore, often referred to by names such as "shepherd's crowns," "fairy loaves," and "thunderstones." Each name carries its own mythological significance, reflecting the beliefs of different communities. For instance, in some regions, fossil echinoids were believed to ward off evil spirits when placed on mantels.

In Iron Age and Romano-British contexts, fossil echinoids were sometimes included in cremation graves, suggesting they held spiritual or protective qualities for the deceased. The practice of blackening these fossils, akin to rituals observed in Denmark, further emphasizes their cultural importance.

Skeleton of female and child found in Bronze Age grave on Dunstable Downs with hundreds of fossil echinoids. From Smith (1894) (*).

Interestingly, some folklore suggests that fossil echinoids could predict weather changes. People believed that these fossils would "sweat" before rain, making them a natural barometer. This practice highlights the connection between nature and human observation in ancient times.

 

                   Cretaceous sea urchin Micraster coranguinum Leske, 1778 from Lleida (Catalonia) (Photo by Jordi Sànchez).

Fossil echinoids were also considered "lucky stones." In some traditions, finders would spit on the stone and throw it over their left shoulder for good luck, a practice that underscores the deep-rooted superstitions surrounding these fòssils.

The presence of fossil echinoids in medieval churches indicates a retention of pagan beliefs within Christian contexts, showcasing how ancient practices can persist and evolve over time.

 Nineteenth century window on south side of St Peter' s church, Linkenholt, framed by fossil echinoids (*)

In summary, fossil echinoids are not just geological curiosities; they are deeply embedded in the cultural and spiritual fabric, reflecting a long history of human interaction with the natural world. Their mythology continues to inspire curiosity and reverence today.

More info: 

(*) McNamara, K. J. (2007). Sheperds' crowns, fairy loaves and thunderstones: The mythology of fossil echinoids in England. In L. Piccardi & W. B. Masse (Eds.), Myth and Geology 1268 (Vol. 273, pp. 279-294). London, England: Geological Society of London.